Multivariate analysis of allozymic and quantitative trait variation in Alnus rubra: geographic patterns and evolutionary implications

نویسندگان

  • Andreas Hamann
  • G. Namkoong
چکیده

Frequency data from six polymorphic allozyme loci and measurements of six quantitative traits were used to examine geographic differentiation among 65 British Columbia provenances of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.). Principal components analysis showed that variation in quantitative traits can be reduced to two underlying dimensions, one representing general vigor including the termination of the growing period and the other being the start of the growing period. Canonical correlation analysis among quantitative traits, allozyme frequencies, and geographic variables revealed complex associations of quantitative traits with the latitude, distance to the coast, and elevation of the seed source. There were no significant correlations among allozyme frequencies and quantitative traits, but the frequency of the most common allele at most loci decreased with latitude. Further, cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance revealed a strong differentiation among island and mainland provenances at one allozyme locus. This differentiation can be interpreted as a result of migration from two different refugia since the last glaciation. The island populations presumably originate solely from isolated coastal refugia west of the Cordilleran ice sheet, while mainland populations were also recruited from areas south of the ice. Résumé : Les auteurs ont étudié la différenciation géographique parmi 65 provenances d’aulne rouge (Alnus rubra Bong.) de Colombie-Britannique à partir de données de fréquences alléliques pour six loci polymorphes d’alloenzymes et des mesures pour six caractères quantitatifs. Les résultats de l’analyse en composantes principales ont démontré que la variabilité des caractères quantitatifs pouvait se résumer en deux dimensions sous-jacentes, l’une représentant la vigueur générale et incluant la fin de la période de croissance et la seconde, définie par le début de la période de croissance. L’analyse de corrélations canoniques réalisée entre les caractères quantitatifs, les fréquences d’alloenzymes et les variables géographiques a fait ressortir l’existence de relations complexes entre les caractères quantitatifs et la latitude, la distance de la côte et l’altitude des sources de semences. Il n’y avait pas de corrélations significatives entre les fréquences d’alloenzymes et les caractères quantitatifs, mais la fréquence de l’allèle le plus commun diminuait avec la latitude pour la plupart des loci. De plus, l’analyse de regroupement à partir des distances génétiques de Nei a révélé une différenciation marquée entre les provenances insulaires et celles du continent pour un locus d’alloenzymes. Cette différenciation pourrait s’expliquer par le résultat d’une migration à partir de deux refuges distincts depuis la dernière période glaciaire. Les populations insulaires auraient comme seule origine présumée des refuges isolés sur la côte à l’ouest du glacier de la Cordillère, alors que les populations continentales découleraient de refuges situés au sud

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تاریخ انتشار 1998